Several African countries, such as Kenya, Egypt, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Ghana, and Zambia, are currently experiencing shortages of US dollars, which they rely on for major transactions [1][2]. The immediate cause of these shortages is the deterioration in the countries’ balance of payments, which reflects their financial transactions with the rest of the world [3]. Unexpected events, such as natural disasters, can lead to the collapse of dollar-earning sectors like tourism, exacerbating the problem.
In addition to the challenges posed by US dollar shortages, these African countries face other economic obstacles. For example, South Africa’s growth rate is expected to decline from 5% in 2021 to 2.2% in 2022, while Nigeria’s growth is projected to remain stagnant at 2.7% [6]. High food price inflation is also affecting low- and middle-income countries worldwide, with inflation levels exceeding 5% in 88.2% of low-income countries, 93% of lower-middle-income countries, and 89% of upper-middle-income countries [8].
Furthermore, Africa is not producing enough of its own food, with nearly $50 billion spent annually on food imports. This figure is expected to double by 2030 if productivity gains are not achieved [9]. The combination of US dollar shortages, slowing economic growth, and rising food prices may have severe implications for the financial stability and overall well-being of these nations.
Addressing the issue of US dollar shortages in these African countries will require a multi-pronged approach. Policymakers must focus on diversifying their economies, boosting local production, and investing in sectors that can earn foreign exchange. In addition, improving regional trade and cooperation can help mitigate the impact of global economic shocks and reduce dependence on the US dollar for major transactions.
As these African countries strive to overcome the challenges posed by US dollar shortages and other economic hurdles, it will be crucial for local governments, regional bodies, and international organizations to collaborate and find sustainable solutions that support long-term growth and development.